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CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to End-User Computing (EUC) Concepts 9 These materials are © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. although the more you deploy, the more complexity you add to your organization. The following sections provide an overview of what's available on the market. Before jumping into deep expla- nations, look at Table 1-2, which provides a high-level overview of the options. Physical desktops and laptops Physical desktops and laptops are, for many organizations, the default method by which users access the applications and work- loads necessary for them to do their jobs. In such environments, applications are installed on the end-user device, and the sys- tem's local central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), and storage are used for ongoing processing. Physical desktops are inflexible in terms of providing users with the ability to take their work elsewhere. Further, in the event of a disaster that includes the physical desktop environment, getting operational again can be eminently difficult and time-consuming. Laptops go a long way toward solving the locale issue from which desktops suffer, but they have their own risks and require admin- istrators to take intentional steps to reduce risk. Perhaps most critical is the potential for data leakage associated with laptop TABLE 1-2 Comparing Desktop Virtualization Options Characteristic Terminal Services Application Virtualization VDI Desktop-as- a-Service (DaaS) Capital expenditure Moderate Low High Cloud: None On-Premises: Moderate Operational expenditure Moderate Moderate Moderate to high High End-user experience Moderate Moderate Varies Very positive IT operational impact Moderate Moderate Very high Very low Completeness of solution Moderate Low High High