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CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to End-User Computing (EUC) Concepts 5 These materials are © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Internet connectivity, users found that there was more desire to work on their terms. But there were challenges. It was technically not difficult to allow people to access work systems from home, but there were security and licensing challenges from companies that were still stuck in the past. Still, so-called teleworking was not nearly as widespread as it's become today. And then, the 2000s hit and everything changed. Virtualizing all the things In the early 2000s, virtualization came to the stage and, while ini- tial forays of this technology turned the data center upside down, it wasn't long until someone asked the question, "Hmmm . . . do you think we could do this for desktops, too?" The answer was a resounding . . . "Yes, but. . . ." And VDI was born! What's VDI, you ask? In the mid-late 2000s, the server virtualization → desktop vir- tualization concept came to market in the form of what became known as virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). Very early iterations of VDI worked . . . but they were fraught with challenges, includ- ing massive deployment complexity in software, hardware that was barely capable of keeping up, issues around handling graph- ics and video, and software application vendors that decided to try to use VDI as a way to drive more revenue. This conglomeration of issues made VDI difficult to deploy. Stories about such failures abounded. Eventually, the VDI software evolved and new hardware options — most notably, hyperconverged infrastructure — came to market with the promise of making VDI deployments much simpler, a promise that was mostly fulfilled, at least on the hardware front. That led to VDI environments that started to make financial and operational sense. Understanding how end-user computing has evolved As you review the history, a couple of key points become clear. First, the reasons behind providing end-user computing